For rigid bulk materials made of PE, PET, PP, ABS, or PS, there are effective recycling solutions today. Fluffy materials, by contrast, are difficult to handle. ‘Fluffy materials’ refers to soft or thin films—sometimes multi‐layer packaging films—rigid films (e.g. from hard‐shell packaging), as well as foams, textile fibers, and even wool residues.

Films are often divided into two categories:

• Flexible (2D = Type A): lightweight agricultural films with very low bulk density and thickness

• Rigid (3D = Type B): for example, PET flakes

Other types include: